Cotton is a major cash crop that is cultivated worldwide. It is used in the production of a wide range of textiles, from clothing to industrial products. Cotton farming is a critical source of income for millions of people across the world, especially in developing countries. In addition to providing income for cotton farmers, cotton farming also creates jobs in other sectors of the economy, such as transportation, processing, and manufacturing. It plays a vital role in the economies of many developing countries, with the export of raw cotton and cotton products accounting for a significant portion of their foreign exchange earnings. This book attempts at understanding the cost of cotton cultivation and its price dynamics in India. Presenting a first-hand study of farming communities in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Telangana, it discusses at length India’s position in the international market in terms of production, consumption, import and export of cotton as well as India’s Relative Cost Advantage (RCA) in cotton export at global market. Further studying the cost of cultivation of cotton in three major countries, namely India, USA and China, from pre-sowing to marketing stages, it focuses on Indian cotton scenario in terms of state-wise production, yield and area under cultivation.